International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature

INTEGRATING RENEWABLE ENERGY AND SMART GRID SYSTEMS: A PATHWAY TO CARBON-NEUTRAL COMMUNITIES IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

Yogi Putra — 2026-01-10

The transition toward carbon-neutral communities has become a global priority, especially in Southeast Asia, where rapid economic growth continues to intensify energy use and carbon emissions. Although the region has substantial renewable energy potential, it remains highly dependent on fossil fuels due to weak grid infrastructure, limited digitalization, and inconsistent policy support. This study systematically synthesizes recent scientific research on the role of smart grid technologies and renewable energy integration in supporting the development of carbon-neutral communities. Using a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) approach guided by PRISMA, 24 peer-reviewed Scopus articles published between 2017 and 2023 were analyzed. The selected literature met predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria and focused on renewable energy adoption, smart grid deployment, and low-carbon community initiatives. The review identifies five major theoretical foundations frequently used in contemporary research: Energy Transition Theory, Smart Grid Theory, Diffusion of Innovation Theory, Resilience Theory, and Socio-Technical Systems Theory. Evidence consistently shows that smart grids powered by IoT, digital automation, advanced metering, and sensor technologies enhance energy efficiency, load management, grid stability, and the integration of renewable sources. The analysis further highlights that socio technical conditions, innovation characteristics, digital readiness, policy frameworks, and community participation significantly shape the adoption of renewable technologies. However, empirical studies remain unevenly distributed, with limited research focusing specifically on rural or tourism-based communities in Southeast Asia. To address these gaps, this study proposes a comprehensive conceptual model that integrates renewable energy, smart grid systems, and socio-technical enablers to support the advancement of carbon-neutral communities.

ARE SMALLHOLDER PALM OIL FARMERS STILL PROSPEROUS?

Riyadi Mustofa — 2026-01-10

The agricultural sector plays a crucial role in supporting livelihoods, improving farmers' welfare, contributing to economic development and growth, and ensuring food security and product competitiveness. Riau Province has designated oil palm as its superior commodity to boost economic growth and enhance the welfare of both farmers and the general public. Initially, oil palm cultivation was primarily undertaken in dryland areas, which were considered more efficient in terms of input costs and output factors. Throughout its development, the oil palm industry continued to expand, supplying raw materials for downstream industries and becoming a commodity that serves as an economic stabiliser, offering a higher level of prosperity than other commodity crops. Consequently, as available dry land became fully utilised, the expansion of oil palm cultivation shifted towards wetlands (swampland). The objective of this study is to calculate and compare the farmer exchange rate (NTP) for independent smallholder oil palm plantations across both land topologies (upland and wetland). The results are then compared with the general agricultural NTP and sectoral NTP.

The method employed to determine the NTP for independent smallholder oil palm farmers involves calculating the ratio of the price index received by farmers (It) to the price index paid by farmers (Ib). The difference between it and IB is that it is one of the most recognised and widely used macroeconomic indicators for agricultural development in Indonesia. The data utilised includes primary data obtained from direct interviews with farmers and secondary data from various sources. The study's findings indicate that farmers on dryland (upland) topologies have higher land productivity, income, and NTP than those on wetland topologies. Overall, the welfare of oil palm farmers in upland areas is better than that of those in wetland areas, primarily due to the high input costs and low output prices experienced by wetland farmers

THE ROLE OF PERCEIVED ENJOYMENT IN MEDIATING THE INFLUENCE OF INTERACTIVITY, ATTRACTIVENESS, AND SOCIAL PRESENCE ON IMPULSIVE BUYING IN TIKTOK LIVE STREAMING (CASE STUDY ON BATIK NAWILIS)

Maisya Rosada — 2026-01-10

Driven by the rapid growth of live streaming commerce in Indonesia, this study investigates the psychological mechanisms underlying impulsive buying behavior within the TikTok Live ecosystem. Specifically, this research examines the effects of interactivity, attractiveness, and social presence on impulsive buying, with perceived enjoyment serving as a mediating variable, using batik Nawilis live streaming as the empirical context. This study adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected from 200 respondents in Indonesia who met the criteria of being aged 18–28 years, actively using TikTok live streaming, having watched or interacted with batik Nawilis live streams, and having purchased batik Nawilis products through TikTok live streaming. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the Partial Least Squares (PLS) approach. The findings reveal that interactivity, attractiveness, and social presence have positive and significant effects on perceived enjoyment. Furthermore, perceived enjoyment positively and significantly influences impulsive buying. Additionally, interactivity, attractiveness, and social presence indirectly affect impulsive buying through perceived enjoyment as a mediating variable.

PENGARUH CAPITAL STRUCTURE, COMPANY GROWTH DAN PROFITABILITY TERHADAP COMPANY VALUE PADA PT PERUSAHAAN GAS NEGARA TBK PERIODE 2012-2024

Endang Puji Astutik — 2026-01-10

This research was conducted with the aim of examining the effect of Current Ratio (CR), Debt to Equity Ratio (DER), on Return On Equity (ROE) in PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk company. Data obtained through www.idx.co.id in form of financial reports that have been prepared by PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.This research uses a quantitative descriptive method with a sample of 10 years, namely inthe form of annual financial reports for the period 2012-2021. The data analysis used is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS ver.27 software for windows. Hypothesis testing using the t test, f test, and determination test. The results showed that Current Ratio (CR) has a positive and significant partial effect on Return On Equity (ROE) with a tcount value of 2.994 > 2.365 ttable and has a significance value of 0.017 < 0.05 and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) has a negative and significant partial effect on Return On Equity (ROE) with atcount value of -3.931 > 2.365 ttable and has a significance value of 0.004 < 0.05. Simultaneously Current Ratio (CR) and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) have a positive and significant effect on Return On Equity (ROE) with a significance value of 0.017 < 0.05 with a fcount value of 7.626 > ftable 4.74. At PT Telekomunikasi Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. The Coefficient of Determination (R Square) shows that the coefficient of determination of the variable Current Ratio and Debt to Equity Ratio to Return On Equity is 68.5%. While theremaining 31.5% is influenced by other variables.

ANALYSIS OF CONTENT MARKETING, EWOM, AND BRAND IMAGE IN DRIVING CUSTOMER TRUST AND PURCHASE DECISION IN DIGITAL HEALTH CONSULTATION SERVICE

Syadela Novitasari — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyze the influence of Content Marketing, Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM), and Brand Image on Customer Trust and Purchase Decision among consumers of Halodoc digital health consultation services. The research method employed was quantitative causal research. The research sample was obtained using a non-probability purposive sampling technique, consisting of 253 respondents domiciled in DKI Jakarta. Data were collected through a digital questionnaire and were processed using SPSS and AMOS software. The analytical technique used was Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results indicated that content marketing, EWOM, and brand image had a positive and significant effect on customer trust. Furthermore, content marketing, EWOM, and brand Image also has a positive and significant effect on purchase decision. The findings also showed that customer trust has a positive and significant effect on Purchase Decision. This study provides theoretical implications that support previous digital marketing research within the context of digital health services. The practical implication for digital health consultation service providers is the need to strengthen the foundation of consumer trust by delivering more transparent information regarding service quality, the credibility of medical professionals, and authentic user-generated testimonials.

THE APPLICATION OF AI (ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE)-BASED LEARNING MEDIA TO SUPPORT THE DIGITAL LITERACY OF 21ST CENTURY STUDENTS IN ELEMENTARY SCHOOLS

Taufiqulloh Dahlan — 2026-01-10

Digital literacy is a fundamental competency for students in the 21st century; however, the digital literacy skills of elementary school students in Indonesia remain low and suboptimal in addressing the challenges of the digital era. This research aims to explore in depth the application of artificial intelligence (AI)-based learning media to support the development of digital literacy among elementary school students in the context of 21st-century learning. The study employs a qualitative case study design to examine three elementary schools in urban, semi-urban, and rural areas that have implemented AI-based learning media. The research participants included 18 teachers in grades 4-6, 9 principals, and 36 students, all selected purposively. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observations, focus group discussions, and documentation over six months. Data analysis uses a thematic, inductive-iterative approach to identify emerging themes and patterns. The results of the study identified five main themes: (1) personalisation of learning increases student engagement and understanding of the concept of digital literacy; (2) AI media facilitates adaptive learning according to individual learning styles and speeds; (3) interactive and gamification features increase motivation and learning independence; (4) implementation challenges include infrastructure limitations, teachers' digital competence, and the balance between technology and social interaction; (5) Success factors include school management support, ongoing teacher training, and user-friendly media design. The research provides an in-depth understanding of the dynamics of AI media applications in digital literacy learning, offering practical recommendations for effective implementation in primary schools that account for socio-cultural contexts and diverse infrastructure conditions

THE EFFECT OF EMPLOYEE EMPOWERMENT, JOB ANALYSIS, AND CAREER DEVELOPMENT ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SECRETARIAT EMPLOYEES AT THE BATAM CITY GOVERNMENT OFFICE

Nova Susana — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyse the influence of employee empowerment, job analysis, and career development on the performance of Secretariat employees at the Batam City Government Office, both partially and simultaneously. The approach is quantitative, using a survey method with questionnaires distributed to all 43 employees, resulting in saturated sampling. The data were analysed using multiple linear regression in SPSS.

The results of the hypothesis testing indicate that employee empowerment has a significant effect on employee performance, as noted in a t-value of 3.918, which exceeds the t-table value of 1.685. The job analysis variable also has a substantial impact on employee performance, with a t-value of 4.459, which exceeds the t-table value of 1.685. Furthermore, career development has the most important influence on employee performance, with a t-value of 6.092, exceeding the t-table value of 1.685. Simultaneously, the three independent variables have a significant effect on employee performance, as evidenced by an F-value of 12.605, which exceeds the F-table value of 2.86. These findings confirm that optimising employee empowerment, clarity of job analysis, and systematic career development planning are essential factors in improving employee performance in the government environment.

THE EFFECT OF WORK COMMUNICATION, TEAMWORK, AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON PERSONNEL PERFORMANCE AT THE LUBUK BAJA POLICE SECTION, BARELANG POLICE

Risky Anggara — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyze the influence of work communication, teamwork, and work discipline on the performance of personnel at the Lubuk Baja Police Station, Barelang City Police Station. The approach used is quantitative with a survey method. Respondents in this study amounted to 46 personnel who were all sampled through saturated sampling techniques. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, while the data analysis technique used SPSS version 19 software. Hypothesis testing was carried out through simple regression analysis and multiple regression, t-test, and F-test. The results showed that work communication had a significant effect on personnel performance with a calculated t value of 10.470 greater than the t table of 1.664. Teamwork also had a significant effect on personnel performance with a calculated t value of 14.483 greater than the t table of 1.664. Furthermore, work discipline was proven to have a significant effect on personnel performance with a calculated t value of 15.757 greater than the t table of 1.664. Simultaneously, work communication, teamwork, and work discipline have a significant effect on personnel performance, as indicated by the calculated F value of 39.798, which is greater than the F table of 2.49. This finding confirms that improving personnel performance can be achieved through strengthening communication, solid teamwork, and consistent work discipline.

THE INFLUENCE OF PRODUCT QUALITY AND PRICE ON CONSUMER PURCHASING DECISIONS FOR AIR DODOLA PRODUCTS IN MOROTAI ISLAND REGENCY

Nurdin Natan — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyse the influence of product quality and price on consumer purchasing decisions regarding Air Dodola in Morotai Island Regency. The study used a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 50 respondents who had purchased and consumed Dodola Water products. The data obtained were analysed using multiple linear regression through SPSS software version 29. The results showed that product quality partially had a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a t-value of 5.983 and a significance of 0.000. It indicates that consumers tend to make more purchases if they assess the product quality as good, including taste, packaging, cleanliness, and product safety. Furthermore, price also has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, with a t-value of 8.345 and a significance of 0.000, indicating that consumers' perceptions of affordable prices commensurate with the product's benefits increase their tendency to buy. Simultaneously, product quality and price have a significant effect on purchasing decisions with an F-value of 35.327 and a significance level of 0.001. These findings confirm that the combination of high product quality and appropriate pricing is a major driver of consumer interest in purchasing Air Dodola in Morotai Island Regency, with strategic implications for product marketing management.

HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES AND PRACTICES IN SUPPORTING THE SUCCESS OF TP2DD: A CASE STUDY OF ETPD IMPLEMENTATION IN SOUTH TANGERANG CITY

Muhammad Agus Nurhadi — 2026-01-10

Regional financial digitalization is a strategic component of the bureaucratic reform agenda and a key step in strengthening governance in Indonesia. The implementation of Regional Government Transaction Electronification (ETPD) through the Regional Digitalization Acceleration and Expansion Team (TP2DD) is a crucial instrument in promoting efficiency, transparency, and accountability in regional financial management. This study aims to analyze human resource management (HRM) strategies and practices in supporting the success of TP2DD through a case study of ETPD implementation in South Tangerang City. The study employed a qualitative approach, utilizing a case study method that involved in-depth interviews, observations, and analysis of policy documents. The results indicate that ETPD's success in South Tangerang City is supported by strengthening the apparatus's competencies, increasing digital literacy, and implementing sustainable training and capacity-building programs. Adaptive HRM strategies can minimize resistance to bureaucratic change and foster a work culture responsive to digital transformation. These findings confirm that human resources play a key role in the success of regional financial digitalization and can serve as a reference for other regional governments in implementing ETPD.

THE EFFECT OF WORK STRESS AND FAMILY-JOB CONFLICT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH JOB SATISFACTION AS AN INTERVENING VARIABLE AT PT. JTRUST OLYIMPINDO MULTI FINANCE, INDONESIA

Meili Bugis — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyse the effect of work stress and family-job conflict on job satisfaction and its implications for employee performance, both directly and indirectly through job satisfaction as a mediating variable. A quantitative approach was used, with data collected through questionnaires distributed to respondents. Data analysis was performed using inferential statistical methods, including t-tests, to test the formulated hypotheses. The results showed that work stress had a significant, adverse effect on job satisfaction, indicating that increased work pressure can reduce employee satisfaction. Meanwhile, family-work conflict on job satisfaction, job satisfaction on performance, and work stress on performance showed no significant effects. However, work-family conflict was found to have a substantial impact on employee performance, indicating that an imbalance between work and family demands can interfere with work productivity. In addition, the indirect effect of work stress and work-family conflict on performance via job satisfaction was accepted but was not significant. These findings indicate that job satisfaction is not yet fully capable of acting as a potent mediator. Overall, this study emphasises the importance of managing work stress and role conflict to improve employee well-being and performance sustainably.

DESIGN OF FILE ENCRYPTION AND DECRYPTION APPLICATION USING AES-256 CRYPTOGRAPHY ALGORITHM BASED ON STREAMLIT

Arditya Adjie Rosandi — 2026-01-10

The widespread use of personal computing devices has led to an increasing number of sensitive documents, including digital files, lacking adequate cryptographic protection, raising the risk of data leakage and misuse. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) with a 256-bit key length is a symmetric-key cryptographic algorithm recommended for protecting data confidentiality due to its strong security and excellent performance. This study designs and implements a simple web-based application for file encryption and decryption using the AES-256 algorithm with a password-based key, built on the Streamlit framework. Key generation uses PBKDF2-HMAC-SHA256 with a random salt and a sufficient number of iterations, while data encryption uses AES-GCM, which provides confidentiality and integrity authentication. The application enables users to upload files, encrypt them into .enc ciphertext files, and restore them to their original form via a web interface, eliminating the need for direct command-line interaction. Experiments using several test files of varying sizes to assess the success of the encryption/decryption processes and estimate processing times. Furthermore, to ensure that data could not be accessed without the correct key, negative tests were conducted using erroneous passwords. All test files can be successfully encrypted and decrypted; encrypted files cannot be read directly; and the overhead of encryption and decryption is manageable for everyday use. The prototype app is a suitable solution to enhance the security of local file storage.

COST AND CASH FLOW MANAGEMENT AND ITS EFFECT ON FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT STABILITY IN MANUFACTURING COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

Leni Triana — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyse the effect of cost management and cash flow on financial management stability in manufacturing companies in Indonesia. Financial stability is an essential factor in maintaining business sustainability, especially amid economic dynamics and increasingly fierce industrial competition. This study uses a quantitative approach and a survey method to examine manufacturing companies as the research object. Data were collected through structured questionnaires and analysed using inferential statistical techniques to test the partial and simultaneous effects between variables.

The results show that cost management has a significant effect on financial management stability, with efficient cost control improving the balance between a company's income and expenditures. In addition, cash flow has also been proven to have a significant effect on financial stability, as it reflects a company's ability to meet short-term obligations and support operational activities. Simultaneously, cost management and cash flow contribute more strongly to financial management stability than either does alone. These findings emphasise the importance of integrating cost-control and cash-management policies to achieve sustainable financial stability.

IMPLEMENTATION OF COMPETENCY-BASED HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT TO IMPROVE ORGANISATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS AT SERVICE COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

Khaeruman Khaeruman — 2026-01-10

This study aims to analyse the application of competency-based human resource management in improving organisational effectiveness in service companies in Indonesia. The research approach used is a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews, non-participant observation, and documentation. The research was conducted in November 2025 and involved purposively selected informants, including organisational leaders, human resource managers, supervisors, and employees. Data analysis was conducted thematically using NVivo software to identify patterns, categories, and central themes related to competency management and organisational effectiveness. The results showed that implementing competency-based HRM significantly improved organisational effectiveness, particularly through precise competency mapping, integrating competencies into recruitment, training, and performance appraisal processes, and increasing productivity and service quality. The findings also revealed that the successful implementation of competency-based HRM was greatly influenced by management commitment and organisational policy support. This research makes theoretical contributions to the development of human resource management studies and practical contributions to service companies by helping them design competency-oriented HR management strategies to improve organisational effectiveness sustainably.

THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND WORK DISCIPLINE ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE AT SENTRAL CAWANG HOTEL EAST JAKARTA

Joko Suprapto — 2026-01-10

The purpose of this study was to determine the partial and simultaneous effects of motivation and work discipline on employee performance at Sentral Cawang Hotel, East Jakarta. This research used a quantitative method. The sampling technique used was saturated sampling, yielding 61 respondents. Data analysis techniques included validity tests, reliability tests, classical assumption tests, regression analysis, correlation coefficient analysis, coefficient of determination analysis, and hypothesis testing. The results showed that motivation has a significant effect on employee performance with a coefficient of determination of 51.8%, and the hypothesis test indicated that t count > t table (4.587 > 2.001). Work discipline also has a significant effect on employee performance, with a coefficient of determination of 61.7%, and the hypothesis test showed t-count > t-table (8.639 > 2.001). Simultaneously, motivation and work discipline have a significant effect on employee performance, as indicated by the regression equation Y = 33.374 + 0.080X1 + 0.196X2. The coefficient of determination value is 82.7%, while the remaining 17.3% is influenced by other variables not examined in this study. Hypothesis testing resulted in an F-count value greater than the F table (84.318 > 3.156).