CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY

Authors

  • Haironi Haironi Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Jusmadi Jusmadi Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Masyduki Masyduki Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Jusnaidi Jusnaidi Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Mhd Helman Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Misran Misran Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • Anera Irinsyahinta Cuadmadja Universitas Islam Indragiri
  • KMS. Novyar Satriawan Fikri Universitas Islam Indragiri

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v4i1.289

Keywords:

child, passenger, anticipatory, familiarize

Abstract

Child passenger safety has significantly progressed over the last decade, yet motor vehicle collisions remain the primary cause of mortality for children aged four and above. This policy statement presents four evidence-based suggestions for optimal practices in selecting a child restraint system to enhance safety in passenger vehicles for children from infancy to adolescence: (1) Utilize rear-facing car safety seats for as long as feasible; (2) Transition to forward-facing car safety seats once children surpass the limits of rear-facing seats, typically until at least 4 years of age; (3) Employ belt-positioning booster seats after outgrowing forward-facing seats, generally until at least 8 years of age; and (4) Implement lap and shoulder seat belts for all individuals who have exceeded the requirements for booster seats.

 Furthermore, a fifth evidence-based recommendation stipulates that all children under 13 should occupy the rear seats of cars. It is crucial to acknowledge that each change entails a reduction in protection, so parents should be motivated to postpone these transitions for the maximum duration. These suggestions are formulated as an algorithm designed to assist pediatricians in implementing them for their patients and families, addressing most scenarios encountered in practice. The American Academy of Pediatrics advocates that all physicians familiarize themselves with and endorse these suggestions as integral components of child passenger safety anticipatory guidance during each health supervision appointment

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Bassham, James Alan and Lambers, Hans. (2021). "photosynthesis". Encyclopedia Britannica, July 25. Source: https://www.britannica.com/science/photosynthesis. Accessed August 4, 2024

Durbin DR, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. Trends in booster seat use among young children in crashes. Pediatrics. 2001;108(6). Available at: www. pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/108/6/

e109

Winston FK, Chen IG, Elliott MR, Arbogast KB, Durbin DR. Recent trends in child restraint practices in the United States. Pediatrics. 2004;113(5).Available at: www.pediatrics.org/cgi/content/full/113/5/e458

Insurance Institute for Highway Safety. Child Restraint/Belt Use Laws. Arlington, VA: Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Highway Loss Data Institute. Available at: http:// www. iihs.org/iihs/topics/laws/safetybeltuse.Accessed August 17, 2010

Arbogast KB, Durbin DR, Cornejo RA, Kallan MJ, Winston FK. An evaluation of the effectiveness of forward-facing child restraint systems. Accid AnalPrev. 2004;36(4):585–589

Zaloshnja E, Miller TR, Hendrie D. Effectiveness of child safety seats vs safety belts for children aged 2 to 3 years. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2007;161(1):65–68

Elliott MR, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR, Winston FK. Effectiveness of child safety seats vs seat belts in reducing risk for death in children in passenger vehicle crashes. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2006;160(6):617–621

Arbogast KB, Jermakian JS, Kallan MJ, Durbin DR. Effectiveness of belt-positioning booster seats: an updated assessment. Pediatrics. 2009;124(5):1281–1286

National Highway Traffic Safety Administration. Fatality Analysis Reporting System (FARS) encyclopedia. Available at: http://www-fars.nhtsa.dot.gov/. Accessed August 21, 2018

McMurry TL, Arbogast KB, Sherwood CP, et al. Rear-facing versus forward-facing child restraints: an updated assessment.Inj Prev.2018;24(1):55–59

Isaksson-Hellman I, Jakobsson L, Gustafsson C, Norin HA. Trends and effects of child restraint systems based on Volvo’s Swedish accident database. In: Proceedings of Child Occupant Protection 2nd Symposium; November 12, 1997; Warrendale, PA

Jakobsson L, Isaksson-Hellman I, Lundell B. Safety for the growing child: experiences from Swedish accident data. In: Proceedings from the 19th International Technical Conference on the Enhanced Safety of Vehicles; June 6–9, 2005; Washington, DC. Abstr 05-0330

American Academy of Pediatrics. Car Safety Seats: Product Listing for 2018. Elk Grove Village, IL: Healthy Children, American Academy of Pediatrics; 2018. Available at: www.healthychildren.org/carseatlist. Accessed June 8, 2018

Bull MJ, Engle WA; Committee on Injury, Violence, and Poison Prevention and Committee on Fetus and Newborn; American Academy of Pediatrics. Safe transportation of preterm and low birth weight infants at hospital discharge. Pediatrics. 2009;123(5):1424–1429

Soomro, Hira, Nooraini Zainuddin, Hanita Daud, Joshua Sunday, Noraini Jamaludin, Abdullah Abdullah, Apriyanto Mulono, and Evizal Abdul Kadir. "3-Point block backward differentiation formula with an off-step point for the solutions of stiff chemical reaction problems." Journal of Mathematical Chemistry 61, no. 1 (2023): 75-97.

Yulianti, Y., Apriyanto, M., Azhar, A., & Fikri, K. N. S. (2023). Implementasi Program Aksi Ketahanan Pangan Di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir. Selodang Mayang: Jurnal Ilmiah Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, 9(1), 16-24.

Apriyanto, M., Azhar, A., Fikri, K. N. S., & Puspitasari, F. (2022). The Legality of Cultivated Palm Oil, Research on The Readiness of Small Holder Farmers in Indonesia to Produce Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) Is Reviewed. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 3(2), 76-81.

Apriyanto, M., Marlina, M., Mardesci, H., & Riono, Y. Forest and Environmental Fires in Sustainable Palm Oil for Independent Smallholders. International Journal of Environmental & Agriculture Research (IJOEAR).

Azhar, A., Fikri, K. N. S., & Apriyanto, M. (2023). Pelestarian Makam Syekh Abdurrahman Siddiq Melalui Pengenalan Hukum Tatanegara Dalam Festival Kampung. Journal of Community Dedication, 3(1), 78-87.

Apriyanto, M., Fitriani, D., Priyanto, T., & Razak, A. (2024). Post-Harvest Agricultural Innovation of Indonesian Horticulture in Suriname. Symbiosis Civicus, 1(2), 51-56

Downloads

Published

2025-01-01

How to Cite

Haironi, H., Jusmadi, J., Masyduki, M., Jusnaidi, J., Helman, M. ., Misran, M., Cuadmadja, A. I. ., & Fikri, K. N. S. . (2025). CHILD PASSENGER SAFETY. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Literature, 4(1), 20–25. https://doi.org/10.53067/ijomral.v4i1.289